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It is obvious that any electronic device is designed to meet production possibilities.
But in reality, anything happens, especially for inexperienced developers. That is why DFM was created.
DFM (design for manufacturing) is a development principle that is created so that the finished product can be implemented and successfully released.
The principle allows to control the development process so that in the end there is no situation that the developed and tested device cannot be released in a large series or, for example, the board with dimensions stated in the project does not fit into the desired electronic device.
The principle allows to control the development process so that in the end there is no situation that the developed and tested device cannot be released in a large series or, for example, the board with dimensions stated in the project does not fit into the desired electronic device.
In short, the DFM principle controls the development so that the finished product can be successfully produced taking into account technical capabilities and limitations.
An important point in PCB production, as well as in production of any device, is the creation of functionality and capabilities of the board as specified in the technical task.
More about DFM
Usually, the technical specification contains all the requirements for PCB – for example, the location of elements, the dielectric layer, the size of vias, etc. The technical specification also contains requirements for the finished product in terms of wear resistance, shelf life and so on.
DFM principles imply production standards and the step-by-step approach to working on the project.
These principles allow to calculate and minimize financial and time costs, as well as to know clearly before starting the PCB development which elements and equipment will be required for production.
The requirements of the principles focus the attention of developers on the last stage of the project which is the production. This, in turn, forces them to collect data on the capabilities of the production shop where the device is planned to be assembled, as well as information about all suppliers of each part and element that will be required for the finished PCB.
All this data is collected before the designing process starts. It allows, if necessary, to make quick edits to the list of elements, suppliers or equipment, and not to design the PCB using parts that cannot be obtained in required quantity.
Now let's take a closer look at each of the four stages of the principles.
Stage 1 involves the most complete collection of information about production capabilities. It is important to collect the whole data because even a small omission can cause a lot of trouble at subsequent stages of design.
Also, it is important to choose manufacturers for each part. When choosing a manufacturer, it is important to focus on the capabilities of your production, and, most importantly, do not make the mistake of some inexperienced developers. You should always find out in advance whether it is possible to order a part for future mass production in large batches. After all, there are often situations when a manufacturer and supplier could provide a component for one hundred PCBs. However, it was not possible to order a batch of three hundred units from this manufacturer. In this case, it is necessary to completely revise the production process and start the project from scratch. Or just look for analogues.
The second common mistake is choosing components that have no analogues for the serial production of PCBs. Manufacturing of any component tends to end sooner or later. In this case it's necessary to completely revise the entire manufacturing process and develop a new PCB version. Besides, such PCB will not be repairable.
At the end of stage 1 you are supposed to find manufacturers, choose a developer that will manufacture the designed product, and determine all the device parameters.
Also, it is important to choose manufacturers for each part. When choosing a manufacturer, it is important to focus on the capabilities of your production, and, most importantly, do not make the mistake of some inexperienced developers. You should always find out in advance whether it is possible to order a part for future mass production in large batches. After all, there are often situations when a manufacturer and supplier could provide a component for one hundred PCBs. However, it was not possible to order a batch of three hundred units from this manufacturer. In this case, it is necessary to completely revise the production process and start the project from scratch. Or just look for analogues.
The second common mistake is choosing components that have no analogues for the serial production of PCBs. Manufacturing of any component tends to end sooner or later. In this case it's necessary to completely revise the entire manufacturing process and develop a new PCB version. Besides, such PCB will not be repairable.
At the end of stage 1 you are supposed to find manufacturers, choose a developer that will manufacture the designed product, and determine all the device parameters.
Stage 2 is costing of the finished PCB. The cost should include:
— Electronic components;
— Materials used;
— Development (including the cost of production shop operation, the work of engineers, designers, managers and other specialists);
— Production;
— Assembling;
— Overhead costs.
The customer is notified as soon as the cost is calculated. If he is satisfied, then we can proceed to the next stage. If not, we return to stage 1, review suppliers and so on.
— Electronic components;
— Materials used;
— Development (including the cost of production shop operation, the work of engineers, designers, managers and other specialists);
— Production;
— Assembling;
— Overhead costs.
The customer is notified as soon as the cost is calculated. If he is satisfied, then we can proceed to the next stage. If not, we return to stage 1, review suppliers and so on.
Stage 3 is the development. It is usually used to develop the design of printed circuit boards, prepare and test their prototypes. At this stage, it is important to organize the work of the team so that all processes are done with minimal time and money. It is important to run several processes simultaneously and supervise each of them.
Usually this stage involves the whole team of designers, engineers, analysts, programmers. Communication between all parts of the development is provided by the manager, who must also guarantee quick communication between the customer and manufacturers and suppliers of elements.
It is important to treat the technologies used in a cost-effective way and make decisions about materials. For example, it is often possible to use a more expensive material with very good characteristics or a cheaper alternative with slightly lower parameters. If the product requires the first material for good work, it is obviously necessary to use it in PCB manufacturing. But if the project for which PCB is being developed does not require such capacities, then it is better to save money and choose the second option.
It is such solutions that make the implementation of the project successful. Developers are obliged to decide promptly and choose between alternative versions of technologies, materials and components.
When contacting suppliers to purchase materials and components for a project, it is important to find the best price and a compromise in choosing between cost and delivery time.
Usually this stage involves the whole team of designers, engineers, analysts, programmers. Communication between all parts of the development is provided by the manager, who must also guarantee quick communication between the customer and manufacturers and suppliers of elements.
It is important to treat the technologies used in a cost-effective way and make decisions about materials. For example, it is often possible to use a more expensive material with very good characteristics or a cheaper alternative with slightly lower parameters. If the product requires the first material for good work, it is obviously necessary to use it in PCB manufacturing. But if the project for which PCB is being developed does not require such capacities, then it is better to save money and choose the second option.
It is such solutions that make the implementation of the project successful. Developers are obliged to decide promptly and choose between alternative versions of technologies, materials and components.
When contacting suppliers to purchase materials and components for a project, it is important to find the best price and a compromise in choosing between cost and delivery time.
The last stage 4. When the design is completed, the project is sent to production. For light PCBs, you can do with a minimum of tests. But if we are talking about, for example, HDI PCBs or flexible-rigid multilayer structures, it is better to conduct additional checks. After all, the sooner design errors are noticed, the easier it will be to correct them.
For example, for impedance-controlled or high-speed PCBs, tests are carried out before start to check the integrity of the signal and to measure losses. Sometimes it turns out that it was necessary to design not through vias for this project, but blind holes. This cannot be corrected and it is necessary to use reverse drilling.
The problem that often arises at this stage and should be solved immediately is heat dissipation. For devices with complex prefabricated cases, it is important to check the possibility of assembling into a single case before sending it to production, since it happens that the parts do not fit together.
Such modeling is an additional cost. But the more tests are performed, the better and more elaborate the result is.
Saifon Technologies spares no energy at this stage. If you want printed circuit boards with a quality guarantee, you can order them from us.
For example, for impedance-controlled or high-speed PCBs, tests are carried out before start to check the integrity of the signal and to measure losses. Sometimes it turns out that it was necessary to design not through vias for this project, but blind holes. This cannot be corrected and it is necessary to use reverse drilling.
The problem that often arises at this stage and should be solved immediately is heat dissipation. For devices with complex prefabricated cases, it is important to check the possibility of assembling into a single case before sending it to production, since it happens that the parts do not fit together.
Such modeling is an additional cost. But the more tests are performed, the better and more elaborate the result is.
Saifon Technologies spares no energy at this stage. If you want printed circuit boards with a quality guarantee, you can order them from us.
Stage 1 involves the most complete collection of information about production capabilities. It is important to collect the whole data because even a small omission can cause a lot of trouble at subsequent stages of design.
Also, it is important to choose manufacturers for each part. When choosing a manufacturer, it is important to focus on the capabilities of your production, and, most importantly, do not make the mistake of some inexperienced developers. You should always find out in advance whether it is possible to order a part for future mass production in large batches. After all, there are often situations when a manufacturer and supplier could provide a component for one hundred PCBs. However, it was not possible to order a batch of three hundred units from this manufacturer. In this case, it is necessary to completely revise the production process and start the project from scratch. Or just look for analogues.
The second common mistake is choosing components that have no analogues for the serial production of PCBs. Manufacturing of any component tends to end sooner or later. In this case it's necessary to completely revise the entire manufacturing process and develop a new PCB version. Besides, such PCB will not be repairable.
At the end of stage 1 you are supposed to find manufacturers, choose a developer that will manufacture the designed product, and determine all the device parameters.
Also, it is important to choose manufacturers for each part. When choosing a manufacturer, it is important to focus on the capabilities of your production, and, most importantly, do not make the mistake of some inexperienced developers. You should always find out in advance whether it is possible to order a part for future mass production in large batches. After all, there are often situations when a manufacturer and supplier could provide a component for one hundred PCBs. However, it was not possible to order a batch of three hundred units from this manufacturer. In this case, it is necessary to completely revise the production process and start the project from scratch. Or just look for analogues.
The second common mistake is choosing components that have no analogues for the serial production of PCBs. Manufacturing of any component tends to end sooner or later. In this case it's necessary to completely revise the entire manufacturing process and develop a new PCB version. Besides, such PCB will not be repairable.
At the end of stage 1 you are supposed to find manufacturers, choose a developer that will manufacture the designed product, and determine all the device parameters.
Stage 2 is costing of the finished PCB. The cost should include:
— Electronic components;
— Materials used;
— Development (including the cost of production shop operation, the work of engineers, designers, managers and other specialists);
— Production;
— Assembling;
— Overhead costs.
The customer is notified as soon as the cost is calculated. If he is satisfied, then we can proceed to the next stage. If not, we return to stage 1, review suppliers and so on.
— Electronic components;
— Materials used;
— Development (including the cost of production shop operation, the work of engineers, designers, managers and other specialists);
— Production;
— Assembling;
— Overhead costs.
The customer is notified as soon as the cost is calculated. If he is satisfied, then we can proceed to the next stage. If not, we return to stage 1, review suppliers and so on.
Stage 3 is the development. It is usually used to develop the design of printed circuit boards, prepare and test their prototypes. At this stage, it is important to organize the work of the team so that all processes are done with minimal time and money. It is important to run several processes simultaneously and supervise each of them.
Usually this stage involves the whole team of designers, engineers, analysts, programmers. Communication between all parts of the development is provided by the manager, who must also guarantee quick communication between the customer and manufacturers and suppliers of elements.
It is important to treat the technologies used in a cost-effective way and make decisions about materials. For example, it is often possible to use a more expensive material with very good characteristics or a cheaper alternative with slightly lower parameters. If the product requires the first material for good work, it is obviously necessary to use it in PCB manufacturing. But if the project for which PCB is being developed does not require such capacities, then it is better to save money and choose the second option.
It is such solutions that make the implementation of the project successful. Developers are obliged to decide promptly and choose between alternative versions of technologies, materials and components.
When contacting suppliers to purchase materials and components for a project, it is important to find the best price and a compromise in choosing between cost and delivery time.
Usually this stage involves the whole team of designers, engineers, analysts, programmers. Communication between all parts of the development is provided by the manager, who must also guarantee quick communication between the customer and manufacturers and suppliers of elements.
It is important to treat the technologies used in a cost-effective way and make decisions about materials. For example, it is often possible to use a more expensive material with very good characteristics or a cheaper alternative with slightly lower parameters. If the product requires the first material for good work, it is obviously necessary to use it in PCB manufacturing. But if the project for which PCB is being developed does not require such capacities, then it is better to save money and choose the second option.
It is such solutions that make the implementation of the project successful. Developers are obliged to decide promptly and choose between alternative versions of technologies, materials and components.
When contacting suppliers to purchase materials and components for a project, it is important to find the best price and a compromise in choosing between cost and delivery time.
The last stage 4. When the design is completed, the project is sent to production. For light PCBs, you can do with a minimum of tests. But if we are talking about, for example, HDI PCBs or flexible-rigid multilayer structures, it is better to conduct additional checks. After all, the sooner design errors are noticed, the easier it will be to correct them.
For example, for impedance-controlled or high-speed PCBs, tests are carried out before start to check the integrity of the signal and to measure losses. Sometimes it turns out that it was necessary to design not through vias for this project, but blind holes. This cannot be corrected and it is necessary to use reverse drilling.
The problem that often arises at this stage and should be solved immediately is heat dissipation. For devices with complex prefabricated cases, it is important to check the possibility of assembling into a single case before sending it to production, since it happens that the parts do not fit together.
Such modeling is an additional cost. But the more tests are performed, the better and more elaborate the result is.
Saifon Technologies spares no energy at this stage. If you want printed circuit boards with a quality guarantee, you can order them from us.
For example, for impedance-controlled or high-speed PCBs, tests are carried out before start to check the integrity of the signal and to measure losses. Sometimes it turns out that it was necessary to design not through vias for this project, but blind holes. This cannot be corrected and it is necessary to use reverse drilling.
The problem that often arises at this stage and should be solved immediately is heat dissipation. For devices with complex prefabricated cases, it is important to check the possibility of assembling into a single case before sending it to production, since it happens that the parts do not fit together.
Such modeling is an additional cost. But the more tests are performed, the better and more elaborate the result is.
Saifon Technologies spares no energy at this stage. If you want printed circuit boards with a quality guarantee, you can order them from us.